微生物多样性与资源创新利用全国重点实验室，是在多个原国家重点实验室基础上通过调整优化，依托微生物研究所建设。2023年由中国科学院批准筹建，经科技部审批于2024年底纳入全国重点实验室序列。
实验室定位于面向我国生物经济产业微生物种质创新能力不足，底层生物技术未实现自主可控，核心菌种大部分依赖进口的瓶颈，认识和理解微生物生命活动规律，系统开展微生物多样性及微生物与环境和其它生命相互作用关系的发现、认知、利用原创性基础研究。突破基因编辑、蛋白设计、微生物组工程等关键底层技术，提升我国微生物多样性资源化利用和种质创新能力，为我国生物制造、生物经济产业链安全提供保障。
实验室以国家需求导向的应用基础研究为主要科研模式，布局了三个研究方向：微生物多样性与资源智能挖掘、微生物催化元件设计与基因组编辑技术，以及微生物细胞设计与微生物组工程。实验室以“中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心”，“国家微生物科学数据中心”、以及“中国科学院菌物标本馆”等平台为主要支撑，聚焦科学前沿与国家重大需求，打造微生物“发现-认知-利用”的创新价值链。 实验室历史悠久，最早可追溯至中国科学院植物研究所植病真菌研究室和黄海化学工业社菌学研究室，先后产生了戴芳澜、邓叔群、方心芳、阎逊初、张树政、魏江春、郑儒永、方荣祥、庄文颖等多位院士。
实验室是我国微生物多样性与分类学、真菌学、分子病毒学、细菌基因组学、工业生物技术、微生物生化与酶学、植物生物技术等领域和方向的主要开创者和奠基者；牵头编研《中国孢子植物志》，引领了国家微生物多样性调查，开创了我国微生物菌种保藏事业；打破国际垄断，奠定了我国氨基酸、维生素、及糖化工业的基础，研发了戊二胺、第三代月桂二酸等万吨级产品的生物制造技术，“维生素C新工艺”等14项科研成果获得国家级科技奖。
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization
The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, established under the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is dedicated to national demand-driven basic research of microbiology. The laboratory has established three core research areas: microbial diversity and intelligent resource mining, design of microbial catalytic elements and development of genome editing technologies, and microbial cell design and microbiome engineering. The laboratory is bolstered by several world-class platforms, including Asia's largest fungal specimen repository, the "Fungal Herbarium" (housing 576,000 specimens), the "Microbial Culture Collection Center" (with over 115,000 live strains), and the "National Microbiology Data Center" (containing 6PB of data). By focusing on cutting-edge scientific challenges and national strategic priorities, the laboratory has established the innovation chain of microbiology research spanning "discovery-understanding-utilization".
With a rich history dating back to the Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory established in 1953, the laboratory has been a cradle for numerous distinguished academicians, including Dai Fanglan, Deng Shuqun, Fang Xinfang, Yan Xunchu, Zhang Shuzheng, Wei Jiangchun, Zheng Ruyong, and Zhuang Wenying. It has played a pioneering and foundational role in various fields such as microbial diversity and taxonomy, mycology, industrial biotechnology, and microbial biochemistry and enzymology in China.
The laboratory spearheaded landmark projects such as the Flora Fungorum Sinicorum compilation and national wide microbial diversity surveys, and has been instrumental in initiating China's microbial culture collection efforts. It has successfully broken foreign monopolies, establishing the foundation for China's amino acid, vitamin, and saccharification industries, and has recently developed advanced biomanufacturing technologies for products such as lauric acid and pentanediamine. Fourteen major achievements of the laboratory, represented by "Biomanufacturing of Vitamin C", have won national science and technology awards.
